Binge eating is a self-distant, unplanned, and impulsive act, which is able to bypass the conscious intention. Overeating is an archaic-pragmatic survival mechanism of crises and the consequent famine. Neither modern sciences nor the past 70 years of consumer experiences have been able to treat this crises eating. The roots of unconscious eating are sought in evolution, in the history of civilization and in early childhood. In many cases unhealthy nutrition and overeating are not caused by lack of sufficient knowledge but by other (not conscious) emotional or environmental impacts. Therefore, although information is important, it does not mean sufficient intervention, psychotherapy of deeper structures may be needed.

Immunotherapy is the fifth pillar of anti-cancer therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the most successful immunotherapy treatments. Their mechanism of action is based on the inhibition of negative immune regulation. Identification and management of immuno-related side effects require complex thinking and skill. Combining immune checkpoint therapies with each other and with other modalities can further improve the results so far, and the future will be a combination therapy.

Diarrhea is one of the most common reasons why patients visit their general practitioner or the gastroenterologist. Acute diarrhea resolves within 14 days, in chronic situation symptoms last more than 28 days. The most frequent cause of acute diarrhea is infection (in Hungary mainly viral infection). Chronic disease in young adults is often functional while a higher rate of organic disorder can be found in elder patients. The background of chronic diarrhea is usually complex. and be classified based on the organ of origin or the pathophysiological process (osmotic, secretory, steatorrhea, motility disorder, mixed) leading to the condition. The origin of the disease can be determined according to the clinical picture and some basic examinations in the majority of cases. Most acute cases resolve within days spontaneously, intervention is needed only in case of severe fluid and electrolyte loss or in vulnerable patients. In chronic situation detailed diagnostic work up and appropriate therapy can be planned based on clinical signs, severity of symptoms, results of basic tests, presence or absence of alarm signs and to what extend quality of life is affected by the condition.

In our current review we have compiled a summary of the most important publications from last year, selected by Hungarian endoscopic key opinion leaders. Our review can support Hungarian endoscopic and gastroenterologist colleagues in following professional novelties and adhering to the most important international guidelines, thus improving the standard and efficacy of everyday Hungarian patient care.