In inflammatory bowel diseases, ileo-colonoscopy is one of the most important diagnostic techniques, and its quality is crucial for effective treatment. While the adenoma detection rate is one of the most important endoscopic indicators for screening colonoscopies, knowing and adhering to different quality indicators at different stages of inflammatory bowel disease guarantees a good outcome. In addition to describing the specific criteria, this review article places particular emphasis on the specificities of bowel preparation, disease activity scoring systems, and the challenges of colonoscopy reporting in inflammatory bowel disease.

The lysosome is an intracellular organelle that is a key component in cellular recycling and homeostasis. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are a large group comprising of over 50 disorders with an estimated combined prevalence of approximately 1 in 8000. The fundamental pathological mechanism of these disorders is of a single enzyme deficiency leading to defective degradation or transport of a complex molecules. The consequence is a build-up of ‘storage’ material that impacts on normal cellular function and homeostasis. These conditions are commonly progressive and multisystemic, effecting systems to a highly variable degree. Musculoskeletal involvement can include hypotonia, dysostosis multiplex, car­diomyopathy. Endothelial reticular involvement can include hepatosplenomegaly and bone marrow dysfunction. Neurological involvement is common and is the most devastating feature of LSDs. Hepatomega­ly, usually associated with splenomegaly, is a common feature of LSDs. Of all the LSDs, Gaucher disease, Niemann–Pick A, B and C are most commonly associated with liver dysfunction, and are considered in more detail below.

Acute cholecystitis is the most common complication of cholecystolithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the acute phase is an accepted option of the modern therapeutic algorythm. However, severity of in­flammation, onset of symptoms and general condition of the patient must be considered before surgical treatment. For high-risk patients with significant comorbidities, percutaneous gallbladder drainage is a safe and effective way to achieve rapid improvement in the patient’s condition. Although indications of the intervention have been declared in the Tokyo Guideline (2018 Edition), several aspects of the protocol still remain controversial. For example, the optimal timing of insertion and removal of the drain, considerations of subsequent cholecystecomy as well as the follow-up of patients are not well-established. Nowadays we are still lack of strong evidence and guideline regarding these aspects of gallbladder drainage. This review summarizes the available literature and provides the protocol of treatment utilized in our institution.